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151.
Jacqueline Dubroca Nadine Collignon Agathe Brault Guillermina Hernandez-Raquet Dominique Patureau Christian Mougin 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(4):369-373
Biosolids spread onto agricultural soils are potential sources of steroidal hormones that are able to adversely affect the
soil ecosystem. Here we studied the fate of the [4-14C]-17-β-estradiol hormone in laboratory experiments. First, our results show that only 2.9% of the hormone was mineralized
in the soil from a French vineyard. By contrast, the mineralization increased to 7.1% when the hormone was provided in composted
biosolids. Second, we found that only a minor part of the estradiol-derived 14C was mobile and partly transferred to soil leachates. Indeed, the hormone was mainly stabilized in the soil as non-extractable
residues. Overall, our findings show that estradiol undergoes two main processes, complete degradation and stabilisation.
We therefore conclude that the environmental risk of hormones provided to the soil through composted biosolids is negligible
under the conditions of our experiments. 相似文献
152.
Jacqueline A. Stagner Simon Tseng Edwin K. L. Tam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(4):1046-1051
As new materials, such as bio-based plastics and composites, are introduced in vehicles for their improved environmental performance, it is necessary to understand how to efficiently recover these biodegradable materials. This paper provides an overview of the end-of-life phase for automobiles, focusing on the dismantling and shredding processes, and the recovery of materials. Targeted unit operations, such as dismantling of components from vehicles and pretreatment prior to shredding, along with design-for-environment principles, should enable the efficient recovery of materials at the end-of-life phase compared with popularly conceived all-in-one-approaches because of the diverse arrangement of material components. 相似文献
153.
A review of factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants during sediment disturbance events 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants present in sediments during natural and anthropogenic disturbance events are discussed and our current state of understanding of these processes reviewed. Published data are focused on the distribution of contaminants within undisturbed sediment, their affinities to the various solid-phase fractions of sediment and the interaction of contaminants between sediment and pore water. Sediment disturbance can lead to changes in the chemical properties of sediment that stimulate the mobilisation of contaminants. Research shows that changes in both redox potential (Eh) and pH can accelerate desorption, partitioning, bacterial degradation and the oxidation of organic contaminants. However, these processes are both sediment- and compound-specific. By affecting the affinity of contaminants to sediments, disturbance events in turn can have a significant effect on their bioavailability. Few studies have examined this phenomenon, and it is clear from the data available that there are gaps in our understanding in a number of key areas when assessing the release of contaminants from sediments: the fate of contaminants in undisturbed sediments and those that are not subjected to major disturbances, the kinetic processes that regulate metal release during changes in redox potential, the release of organometallic compounds from sediments during resuspension, the bioavailability of organic and organometallic compounds and the processes affecting contaminant release. 相似文献
154.
Jacqueline C. Vischer 《Journal of environmental psychology》1985,5(3):287-298
The Canadian context of user needs research in housing is briefly outlined. The Needs and Preferences research model is described and three basic assumptions are outlined. Challenges to the three assumptions are identified, and two empirical studies are invoked to substantiate the critique. An Adaptation and Control Model of user needs research in housing is presented as a possible alternative model that has implications for methodological change and refinement. The opinion is advanced that this model potentially remedies some of the shortcomings of the Needs and Preferences Model. 相似文献
155.
Randolf Menzel Jacqueline Fuchs Leonard Nadler Benjamin Weiss Nicole Kumbischinski Daniel Adebiyi Sergej Hartfil Uwe Greggers 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(8):763-767
Honeybees use their visual flow field to measure flight distance. It has been suggested that the experience of serial landmarks
encountered on the flight toward a feeding place contributes to distance estimation. Here, we address this question by tracing
the flight paths of individual bees with a harmonic radar system. Bees were trained along an array of three landmarks (tents),
and the distance between these landmarks was either increased or decreased under two test conditions. We find that absolute
distance estimation dominates the search for the feeding place, but serial position effects are also found. In the latter
case, bees search only or additionally at locations determined by serial experience of the landmarks. 相似文献
156.
Jesse S. Michel Lindsey M. Kotrba Jacqueline K. Mitchelson Malissa A. Clark Boris B. Baltes 《组织行为杂志》2011,32(5):689-725
This study provides and meta‐analytically examines an organizing framework and theoretical model of work–family conflict. Results, based on 1080 correlations from 178 samples, indicate that work role stressors (job stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, time demands), work role involvement (job involvement, work interest/centrality), work social support (organizational support, supervisor support, coworker support), work characteristics (task variety, job autonomy, family friendly organization), and personality (internal locus of control, negative affect/neuroticism) are antecedents of work‐to‐family conflict (WFC); while family role stressors (family stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, time demands, parental demands, number of children/dependents), family social support (family support, spousal support), family characteristics (family climate), and personality (internal locus of control, negative affect/neuroticism) are antecedents of family‐to‐work conflict (FWC). In addition to hypothesized results, a revised model based on study findings indicates that work role stressors (job stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload) and work social support (organizational support, supervisor support, coworker support) are predictors of FWC; while family role stressors (family stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload), family involvement (family interest/centrality), family social support (family support, spousal support), and family characteristics (family climate) are predictors of WFC. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
157.
Introduction
The concept of knowledge translation as defined by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the Knowledge to Action Cycle, described by Graham et al (Graham et al., 2006), are used to make a case for the importance of using a conceptual model to describe moving knowledge into action in the area of falls prevention.Method
There is a large body of research in the area of falls prevention. It would seem that in many areas it is clear what is needed to prevent falls and further syntheses can determine where the evidence is sufficiently robust to warrant its implementation as well as where the gaps are that require further basic research.Conclusion
The phases of the action cycle highlight seven areas that should be paid attention to in order to maximize chances of successful implementation. 相似文献158.
Ona LF Alberto AM Prudente JA Sigua GC 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(3):177-183
Background Aims, and Scope. Lead (Pb) is a naturally occurring element that poses environmental hazards when present at elevated concentration.
It is being released into the environment because of industrial uses and from the combustion of fossil fuels. Hence, Pb is
ubiquitous throughout global ecosystems. The existence of potentially harmful concentrations of Pb in the environment must
be given full attention. Emissions from vehicles are major source of environmental contamination by Pb. Thus, it becomes imperative
that concentrations of Pb and other hazardous materials in the environment not only in the Philippines, but elsewhere in the
world be adequately examined in order that development of regulations and standards to minimize risk associated with these
materials in urban areas is continued. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the levels of Pb in soil from selected
urbanized cities in central region of the Philippines; (2) to identify areas with soil Pb concentration values that exceed
estimated natural concentrations and allowable limits; and (3) to determine the possible sources that contribute to elevated
soil Pb concentration (if any) in the study area.
Methods This study was limited to the determination of Pb levels in soils of selected urbanized cities located in central region
in the Philippines, namely: Site 1 – Tarlac City in Tarlac; Site 2 – Cabanatuan City in Nueva Ecija; Site 3 – Malolos City
in Bulacan; Site 4 – San Fernando City in Pampanga; Site 5 – Balanga City in Bataan; and Site 6 – Olongapo City in Zambales.
Soil samples were collected from areas along major thoroughfares regularly traversed by tricycles, passenger jeepneys, cars,
vans, trucks, buses, and other motor vehicles. Soil samples were collected from five sampling sites in each of the study areas.
Samples from the selected sampling sites were obtained approximately 2 to 3 meters from the road. Analysis of the soil samples
for Pb content was conducted using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. This study was conducted from 2003 to 2004. Since
this study assumed that vehicular emission is the major source of Pb contamination in urban soil, other information which
the researchers deemed to have bearing on the study were obtained such as relative quantity of each gasoline type disposed
of in each city within a given period and volume of traffic in each sampling site. A survey questionnaire for gasoline station
managers was prepared to determine the relative quantity of each fuel type (diesel, regular gasoline, premium gasoline, and
unleaded gasoline) disposed of or sold within a given period in each study area.
Results and Discussion Analysis of soil samples for Pb content showed the presence of Pb in all the soil samples collected from the 30 sampling
sites in the six cities at varying concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 251 mg kg–1. Elevated levels of Pb in soil (i.e. greater
than 25 mg kg–1 Pb) were detected in five out of the six cities investigated. Site 4 recorded the highest Pb concentration
(73.9 ± 94.4 mg kg–1), followed by Site 6 (56.3 ± 17.1 mg kg–1), Site 3 (52.0 ± 33.1 mg kg–1), Site 5 (39.3 ± 19.0 mg kg–1),
and Site 2 (38.4 ± 33.2 mg kg–1). Soil Pb concentration in Site 1 (16.8 ± 12.2 mg kg–1) was found to be within the estimated
natural concentration range of 5 to 25 mg kg–1. Site 1 registered the least Pb concentration. Nonetheless, the average Pb
concentration in the soil samples from the six cities studied were all found to be below the maximum tolerable limit according
to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The high Pb concentration in Site 4 may be attributed mainly to vehicular emission.
Although Site 4 only ranked 3rd in total volume of vehicles, it has the greatest number of Type B and Type C vehicles combined.
Included in these categories are diesel trucks, buses, and jeepneys which are considered the largest contributors of TSP (total
suspended particles) and PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 microns) emissions.
Conclusion Only one (San Juan in Site 4) of the thirty sampling sites recorded a Pb concentration beyond the WHO permissible limit of
100 mg kg–1. San Juan in Site 4 had a Pb concentration of >250 mg kg–1. On the average, elevated Pb concentration was evident
in the soil samples from San Fernando, Olongapo, Malolos, Balanga, and Cabanatuan. The average soil Pb concentrations in these
cities exceeded the maximum estimated natural soil Pb concentration of 25 mg kg–1. Average soil Pb concentration in Site 1
(16.8 mg kg–1) was well within the estimated natural concentration range of 5 to 25 mg kg–1. Data gathered from the study
areas showed that elevated levels of Pb in soil were due primarily to vehicular emissions and partly to igneous activity.
Recommendation and Outlook The findings of this study presented a preliminary survey on the extent of Pb contamination of soils in urban cities in central
region of Philippines Island. With this kind of information on hand, government should develop a comprehensive environmental
management strategy to address vehicular air pollution in urban areas, which shows as one of the most pressing environmental
problems in the country. Basic to this is the continuous monitoring of Pb levels and other pollutants in air, soil, and water.
Further studies should be conducted to monitor soil Pb levels in the six cities studied particularly in areas with elevated
Pb concentration. The potential for harm from Pb exposure cannot be understated. Of particular concern are children who are
more predisposed to Pb toxicity than adults. Phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated sites is strongly recommended to reduce Pb
concentration in soil. Several studies have confirmed that plants are capable of absorbing extra Pb from soil and that some
plants, grass species in particular, and can naturally absorb far more Pb than others. 相似文献
159.
Victoria Hemming Abbey E. Camaclang Megan S. Adams Mark Burgman Katherine Carbeck Josie Carwardine Iadine Chadès Lia Chalifour Sarah J. Converse Lindsay N. K. Davidson Georgia E. Garrard Riley Finn Jesse R. Fleri Jacqueline Huard Helen J. Mayfield Eve McDonald Madden Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis Hugh P. Possingham Libby Rumpff Michael C. Runge Daniel Stewart Vivitskaia J. D. Tulloch Terry Walshe Tara G. Martin 《Conservation biology》2022,36(1):e13868
Biodiversity conservation decisions are difficult, especially when they involve differing values, complex multidimensional objectives, scarce resources, urgency, and considerable uncertainty. Decision science embodies a theory about how to make difficult decisions and an extensive array of frameworks and tools that make that theory practical. We sought to improve conceptual clarity and practical application of decision science to help decision makers apply decision science to conservation problems. We addressed barriers to the uptake of decision science, including a lack of training and awareness of decision science; confusion over common terminology and which tools and frameworks to apply; and the mistaken impression that applying decision science must be time consuming, expensive, and complex. To aid in navigating the extensive and disparate decision science literature, we clarify meaning of common terms: decision science, decision theory, decision analysis, structured decision-making, and decision-support tools. Applying decision science does not have to be complex or time consuming; rather, it begins with knowing how to think through the components of a decision utilizing decision analysis (i.e., define the problem, elicit objectives, develop alternatives, estimate consequences, and perform trade-offs). This is best achieved by applying a rapid-prototyping approach. At each step, decision-support tools can provide additional insight and clarity, whereas decision-support frameworks (e.g., priority threat management and systematic conservation planning) can aid navigation of multiple steps of a decision analysis for particular contexts. We summarize key decision-support frameworks and tools and describe to which step of a decision analysis, and to which contexts, each is most useful to apply. Our introduction to decision science will aid in contextualizing current approaches and new developments, and help decision makers begin to apply decision science to conservation problems. 相似文献
160.
Raihan Asif Begum Rawshan Ara Nizam Mohd Said Mohd Pereira Joy Jacqueline 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2022,29(3):477-507
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - This study empirically investigates the nexus among energy use, agricultural land expansion, deforestation, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Malaysia.... 相似文献